Technology based companies have always been valued differently by the public and private capital markets. 2016 has shown aggressive pre-IPO valuations of technological companies that are reminiscent of the Dot Com bubble of 2000. There are concerns that they might be too aggressive and cause the market to slip back into a position similar to the turn of the century.
Current pre-IPO companies are more diverse, geographically, compared to 2000. It will be very interesting to see which regions unicorns will remain dominant post IPO. India and China seem to hold an advantage with its combined consumer base tripling that of the United States. It would also be important to note that their e-commerce markets are growing much faster. What has always favored American companies and continues to this day, is their ability to stretch out to the global audience.
In understanding the difference between domestic and offshore mutual funds, it is important to know what these funds are. It is true that there are a number of different mutual funds that are available to investors, but the basic construction of a mutual fund is that it is created by a firm that takes the money of many investors and invests that money into stocks, short-term money markets, bonds, and other types of securities. It is then that the manager of the portfolio manages that money by investing and trading the underlying securities of that fund. What happens is that capital gains or losses are realized and those gains and losses are then passed to each individual investor.
The United States and Canada have mutual funds that operate in a similar manner. These funds are open-end funds, closed-end funds, and unit investment trusts. Those investing in offshore mutual funds may find that the term is used more broadly. It is used to refer to any type of collective investment. The names that the investor may see these referred by include open-ended investment companies, unit trusts, undertakings for collective investments in transferable securities, and unitized insurance funds. That may seem like a lot to swallow, but many investors find that their offshore mutual fund investment opportunities are not as restricted because there are more types of mutual funds to invest in.
The offshore mutual fund
There are tax advantages to the offshore mutual fund that individuals will not find with their domestic mutual funds. Unless one of the rare loopholes is found, United States residents will still be fully taxed on their offshore mutual fund. This is usually referred to as "foreign arising income" on IRS tax forms. Nevertheless, individuals have found that investor-friendly countries allow savings on investments through tax incentives. Some offshore locations, such as the Virgin Islands, do not require tax to be paid. This allows the portion of the gain that would normally go to tax to be reinvested.
There are certain organizations that argue that allowing no tax to be paid or reducing the amount of tax is a form of legalized tax evasion. However, tax incentives are a way for individuals to invest into that economy, making that economy even stronger.
But what one will find is that there is a high degree of regulation when it comes to offshore mutual funds. One may find that there may be a minimum investment of $100,000 and that an individual is required to identify him or herself as a "professional investor." In the U.S., Canada, and various other countries around the world, a person does not have to be a professional investor to invest in mutual funds. They have brokers who can take care of that for them and guide them through the process or simply take care of 100% of the account transactions.
There may also be instances in which the number of investors is limited because of stipulations set forth in constitutional documents. It is these types of regulations that can limit the number of foreign investors in mutual funds, but they can prove to be quite profitable.
The differences
Public Tech Companies' valuations have remained fairly consistent.
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In 2000, public tech companies were valued 165% higher than the general market. The valuation of public tech companies averaged 80 times their earnings in 2000. In contrast, public tech companies of today are valued, on average, at 20 times their earnings. We can also observe that they are only valued, on average, 10% over the general market. Amongst public companies, there does not appear to be any significant risk of a bubble. Public companies seems to be much more consistent compared to the private companies
Private tech companies' valuations have been on the rise.
• The number of rounds of pre-IPO funding has increased
• The average size of venture investments more than doubled between 2013 and 2015
• The market experienced unheard of average deal sizes
• 2015 saw the highest number of deals ever recorded in a year
• Unprecedented increases between rounds of funding
• Committed funds globally rose from 110B in 2012, to 150B in 2015 (highest level ever).
Tech companies are also staying private on average 3 times longer. They are trying avoiding the IPO until accounting profits are made and footings are acquired. This means that at IPO, the companies are larger, more mature, established, and more prepared than ever before.
Since 2000, it appears the market has taken a more conservative look on the valuation of public tech companies. It's also possible that new start-ups are much more robust and deserving of their high pre-IPO valuations. Any correction now, if needed at all, is likely to seem milder than the correction of the last technology bubble.
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